2 . Cheryl D. Fryar et al., “NCHS Health E-Stat: Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Extreme Obesity Among Adults,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, September 13, 2012, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_adult_09_10/obesity_adult_09_10.htm.

3 . “UN: Chronic Ailments More Deadly Than Infectious Diseases,” CNNhealth.com, May 22, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/05/22/world.death/.

4 . Howard Robinson, “Dualism,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , 2011, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dualism/.

CHAPTER 2: THE ESSENTIALS

1 . “Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, August 13, 2012, http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/overview/index.htm.

2 . “Chronic Diseases: The Power to Prevent, The Call to Control,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009, http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/chronic.htm.

3 . HBO Documentary Films, The Weight of the Nation, 2012, https://theweightofthenation.hbo.com/films/bonus-shorts/obesity-research-and-the-national-institutes-of-health.

4 . “Food Consumption in America: What Are We Eating?” Visual Economics: The Credit Blog, 2010, http://www.creditloan.com/blog/food-consumption-in-america/.

5 . Martin E. Seligman, Authentic Happiness (New York: The Free Press, 2002).

6 . “The Two-Month Curse: Don’t Let January Workout Resolutions Fade,” Inside IU Bloomington, February 7, 2013, http://inside.iub.edu/editors-picks/health-wellness/2013–02–07-iniub-health-workout.shtml.

Laine Williams, “Fitness for Life,” Time Inc., 2006, http://www.timeinc.net/web/partners/pb/fitness_for_life.html.

CHAPTER 3: FAITH

1 . Rick Warren, The Purpose Driven Life: What on Earth Am I Here For? (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002), 174.

2 . “μετάνοια, ας, ή (metanoia),” Strong’s Concordance, 3341, http://biblesuite.com/greek/3341.htm.

3 . Viktor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 75.

CHAPTER 4: FOOD

1 . Environmental Working Group, “Good Food on a Tight Budget,” August 12, 2012, http://www.ewg.org/release/good-food-tight-budget-ewg-s-new-easy-use-guide.

2 . Ramon Estruch, M.D., Ph.D., et al., “Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet,” New England Journal of Medicine, 368, (February 25, 2013), http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303#t=article.

3 . Magalie Lenoir et al., “Intense Sweetness Surpasses Cocaine Reward,” PLoS ONE 2, no. 8 (August 1, 2007), http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000698.

4 . S. M. Schmid et al., “A Single Night of Sleep Deprivation Increases Ghrelin Levels and Feelings of Hunger in Normal-Weight Healthy Men,” University of Luebeck 17, no. 3 (September 2008), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18564298.

5 . HRH The Prince of Wales, The Prince’s Speech: On the Future of Food (New York: Rodale, 2012).

6 . American Heart Association, “By Any Other Name It’s Still Sweetener,” http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/By-Any-Other-Name-Its-Still-Sweetener_UCM_437368_Article.jsp.

7 . Tyler G. Graham and Drew Ramsey, M.D., The Happiness Diet (New York: Rodale, 2011), 34.

8 . U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Profiling Food Consumption in America,” USDA Agriculture Factbook, http://www.usda.gov/factbook/chapter2.pdf.

9 . “Sugary Drinks and Obesity Fact Sheet,” Harvard School of Public Health, 2013, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/sugary-drinks-fact-sheet/.

10 . S. W. Ng et al., “Use of Caloric and Noncaloric Sweeteners in US Consumer Packaged Foods 2005 – 2009,” Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112, no. 11 (November 2012), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23102182.

Robert Lustig, M.D., “Still Believe ‘A Calorie Is a Calorie’?” Huffington Post, February 27, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-lustig-md/sugar-toxic_b_2759564.html.

11 . Giovanni Targher, M.D., et al., “Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,” New England Journal of Medicine 363, (September 30, 2010): 1341–1350, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra0912063.

12 . Françoise Clavel-Chapelon and Guy Fagherazzi, “‘Diet’ Drinks Associated with Increased Risk of Type II Diabetes,” Inserm, February 7, 2013, http://english.inserm.fr/press-area/diet-drinks-associated-with-increased-risk-of-type-ii-diabetes.

13 . American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, “2011: The Cost Burden of Autoimmune Disease: The Latest Front in the War on Healthcare Spending,” http://www.aarda.org/pdf/cbad.pdf.

14 . U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Profiling Food Consumption in America,” USDA Factbook, 19, http://www.usda.gov/factbook/chapter2.pdf.

15 . Jonas F. Ludvigsson, M.D., Ph.D., et al., “Small-Intestinal Histopathology and Mortality Risk in Celiac Disease,” Journal of the American Medical Association 302 , no. 11 (September 16, 2009): 1171–1178, http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=184586.

16 . Kate Torgovnick, “The Single Best Way to Lose Weight,” WebMD, http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/single-best-way-lose-weight.

17 . “Beating Mindless Eating,” Cornell University Food and Brand Lab, 2011, http://foodpsychology.cornell.edu/research/beating-mindless-eating.html.

18 . Brian Wansink, “Bottomless Bowls: Why Visual Cues of Portion Size May Influence Intake,” Cornell University Food and Brand Lab, 2011, http://foodpsychology.cornell.edu/research/beating-mindless-eating.html.

19 . A. Tchernof and J. P. Després, “Pathophysiology of Human Visceral Obesity: An Update,” Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec 93, no. 1 (January 2013): 359–404, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303913.

J. P. Block et al., “Psychosocial Stress and Change in Weight among US Adults,” Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies 170, no. 2 (July 15, 2009): 181–92, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465744.

20 . “Soft Lighting and Music Cuts Calorie Intake 18 Percent,” Cornell Chronicle, Cornell University, August 29, 2011, http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2012/08/soft-music-lighting-cuts-calories-18-percent.

21 . “How Much Do You Spend on Food?” Gates Foundation, 2009, http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8241/8456322351_03cb5f6e32_b.jpg.

CHAPTER 5: FITNESS

1 . Megan Cochrane, “No Major Change in Americans’ Exercise Habits in 2011,” Gallup Wellbeing, March 15, 2012, http://www.gallup.com/poll/153251/no-major-change-americans-exercise-habits–2011.aspx.

2 . M. Babyak et al., “Exercise Treatment for Major Depression: Maintenance of Therapeutic Benefit at 10 Months,” Psychosomatic Medicine 62, no. 5 (2000): 633 – 38.

Jim Gavin, Ph.D., Daniel Seguin, and Madeleine McBrearty, Ph.D., “The Psychology of Exercise,” IDEA Health & Fitness Association, February 2006, http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/psychology-exercise-1.

3 . Dan Britton, Jimmy Page, and Jon Gordon, One Word That Will Change Your Life (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons, 2013).

4 . William Sears, M.D., Peter Sears, M.D., and Sean Foy, Dr. Sears’ LEAN Kids (New York: New American Library, 2003).

5 . “The Facts: What We Know about Sitting and Standing,” JustStand.org, 2013, http://www.juststand.org/TheFacts/tabid/816/language/en-US/Default.aspx.

6 . “Sitting May Increase Risk of Disease,” Science Daily, June 18, 2013, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071119130734.htm.

7 . James Vlashos, “Is Sitting a Lethal Activity?” New York Times, April 14, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/magazine/mag – 17sitting-t.html?_r=0.

8 . Elin Ekblom-Bak, Mai-Lis Hellenius, and Bjorn Ekblom, “Are We Facing a New Paradigm of Inactivity Physiology?” British Journal of Sports Medicine , February 2010, http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/44/12/834.

9 . James Vlashos, “Is Sitting a Lethal Activity?” New York Times, April 14, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/magazine/mag – 17sitting-t.html?_r=0.

10 . C. E. Garber, et al., “Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, no. 7 (July 2011): 1334 – 49.

Len Kravitz, Ph.D., “Stretching – a Research Retrospective,” IDEA Health & Fitness Association, 2013, http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/stretching-research-retrospective.

11 . Sonja L. Herman and Derek T. Smith, “Four-week Dynamic Stretching Warmup Intervention Elicits Longer-term Performance Benefits,” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 22, no. 4 (July 2008) 1286.

12 . “Primetime Views: What Does the Phrase ‘Young at Heart’ Mean to You?” Chicago Tribune, 2013, https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/advertising/primetime/chi-primetime-ptviewsyoungheart-071311-story.html.

13 . Stuart Brown, Play: How It Shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination, and Invigorates the Soul (New York: Avery-Penguin Publishing, 2010).

14 . Jean Lerche Davis, “Lose Weight with Morning Exercise,” WebMD, http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/features/lose-weight-with-morning-exercise.

“Early Morning Exercise Is Best for Reducing Blood Pressure and Improving Sleep,” Appalachian State University News, June 13, 2011, http://www.news.appstate.edu/2011/06/13/early-morning-exercise/.

15 . Bryant Stamford, Ph.D., “Cross-Training: Giving Yourself a Whole-body Workout,” The Physician and Sportsmedicine , September 1996.

16 . Hayley E. Cutt, Matthew W. Knuiman, and Billie Giles-Corti, “Does Getting a Dog Increase Recreational Walking?” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 5, no. 17 (March 27, 2008), http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/5/1/17.

17 . B. C. Irwin et al., “Aerobic Exercise Is Promoted When Individual Performance Affects the Group,” Michigan State University 44, no. 2 (October 2012): 151–9, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22576339.

18 . See Jamie Ducharme, “Exercising Might Help You Make Healthier Food Choices, Study Says,” Time , February 6, 2019, https://time.com/5517552/exercise-eat-healthier/and Jaeyhun Joo et al., “The Influence of 15-Week Exercise Training on Dietary Patterns Among Young Adults,” International Journal of Obesity 43, no. 9 (January 2019): 1681–1690, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-018-0299–3.

19 . “In Just Six Months, Exercise May Help Those with Thinking Problems,” American Academy of Neurology, December 19, 2018, https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/2684.

20 . See Karmel W. Choi et al., “Assessment of Bidirectional Relationships between Physical Activity and Depression among Adults: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study,” JAMA Psychiatry 76, no. 4 (2019): 399–408;

P. Abedi et al., “Effect of Pedometer-Based Walking on Depression, Anxiety and Insomnia among Postmenopausal Women,” Climacteric 18, no. 6 (2015): 841–845.

Viola Oertel-Knöchel et al., “Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Performance and Individual Psychopathology in Depressive and Schizophrenia Patients,” European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 264, no. 7 (October 2014): 589–604.

Laura Q. Rogers et al., “Effects of a Multicomponent Physical Activity Behavior Change Intervention on Fatigue, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptomatology in Breast Cancer Survivors: Randomized Trial,” Psychooncology 26, no. 11 (November 2017): 1901–1906.

Ashish Sharma, Vishal Madaan, Frederick Petty, “Exercise for Mental Health,” Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 8, no. 2 (2006): 106, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470658/.

21 . See Brett A. Dolezal et al. “Interrelationship between Sleep and Exercise: A Systematic Review,” Advances in Preventative Medicine , (2017): 1364387, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385214/and “Exercising to Relax,” Harvard Men’s Health Watch , July 13, 2018, https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/exercising-to-relax.

22 . Peter Schnohr, et al., “Various Leisure-Time Physical Activities Associated with Widely Divergent Life Expectancies: The Copenhagen City Heart Study,” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 93, no. 12 (December 2018): 1775–1785, https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(18)30538-X/fulltext.

CHAPTER 6: FOCUS

1 . J. S. Cauffield and H. J. Forbes, “Dietary Supplements Used in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders,” Lippincotts Primary Care Practice, 2009: 290 – 304.

2 . “Teacher’s Guide: Sleep — Information about Sleep,” National Institutes of Health, http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih3/sleep/guide/info-sleep.htm.

3 . M. Kivipelto et al., “Obesity and Vascular Risk Factors at Midlife and the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease,” Archives of Neurology , 62, no. 10 (October 20015): 1556 – 60, http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=789626.

4 . University of California – Davis, “High Blood Pressure Damages the Brain in Early Middle Age,” Science Daily, October 31, 2012, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121031214240.htm.

5 . Y. Osher and R. H. Belmaker, “Omega – 3 Fatty Acids in Depression: A Review of Three Studies,” CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 15, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 128 – 33.

K.C. Estes et al., “Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and PLC Activities in EMT6 Cells,” Journal of Lipid Mediators and Cell Signaling 17, no. 2 (1997): 81 – 96.

6 . “Stress in America Findings,” American Psychological Association, November 9, 2010, http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/national-report.pdf.

7 . J. C. Pruessner et al., “Stress Regulation in the Central Nervous System: Evidence from Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Studies in Human Populations,” Psychoneuroendocrinology 35, no. 1 (2009): 17 – 91.

T. G. Dinan and J. F. Cryan, “Regulation of the Stress Response by the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Psychoneuroendocrinology,” Psychoneuroendocrinology 37, no. 9 (2012):1369-78.

8 . “50 Common Signs and Symptoms of Stress,” American Institute of Stress, http://www.stress.org/stress-effects/.

9 . Barbara Bradley Hagerty, “Prayer May Reshape Your Brain . . . And Your Reality,” NPR, May 20, 2009, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104310443.

D. S. Khalsa et al., “Kirtan Kriya Meditation and High Resolution Brain SPECT Imaging,” accepted by Nuclear Medicine Communications , June 2010.

Andrew Newberg, “The Effect of Meditation on the Brain Activity,” http://www.andrewnewberg.com/research.asp.

10 . Larry Dossey, Healing Words: The Power of Prayer and the Practice of Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 1993).

Dale A. Matthews with Connie Clark, The Faith Factor: Proof of the Healing Power of Prayer (New York: Penguin Books, 1999).

11 . P. J. O’Connor et al., “Characteristics of Adults Who Use Prayer as an Alternative Therapy,” American Journal of Health Promotion 19, no. 5 (May – June 2005): 369 – 75, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15895540.

12 . H. G. Koenig, K. I. Pargament, and J. Nielsen, “Religious Coping and Health Status in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Adults,” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 186, no. 9 (September 1998): 513 – 21, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9741556.

13 . David N. Elkins, “Spirituality,” Psychology Today, September 1, 1999, http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199909/spirituality.

14 . M. P. Bennett et al., “The Effect of Mirthful Laughter on Stress and Natural Killer Cell Activity,” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 9, no. 2 (March – April) 2003: 38 – 45, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12652882.

15 . L. Stahre and T. Hallstrom, “A Short-term Cognitive Group Treatment Program Gives Substantial Weight Reduction Up to 18 Months from the End of Treatment,” Eating and Weight Disorders 10, no. 1 (March 2005): 51 – 58, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15943172.

16 . Ruth Streigel-Moore et al., “Cognitive-behavioral Guided Self-help for the Treatment of Recurrent Binge Eating,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 78, no. 3 (June 2010), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880824/.

17 . “In Praise of Gratitude,” Harvard Mental Health Newsletter , November 2011, http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Mental_Health_Letter/2011/November/in-praise-of-gratitude.

18 . R. H. Pietrzak et al., “Successful Aging among Older Veterans in the United States,” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22, no. 6 (March 26, 2013), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567414.

19 . R. A. Emmons and M. E. McCullough, “Counting Blessings versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-being in Daily Life,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84, no. 2 (February 2003), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12585811.

20 . Dr. Noelle C. Nelson, The Power of Appreciation in Everyday Life (Toronto: Insomniac Press, 2006).

21 . Martin E. Seligman, Authentic Happiness (New York: The Free Press, 2002).

22 . A. Abdul-Rahman, C.D. Agardh, and B.K. Siesjo, “Local Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat During Severe Hypoglycemia, and in the Recovery Period Following Glucose Injection,” Acta Physiologica Scandinavian Physiological Society109, no. 3 (July 1980), 307 – 14, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=.+Local+cerebral+blood+flow+in+the+rat+during+severe+hypoglycemia%2C+and+in+the+recovery+period+following+glucose+injection.

CHAPTER 7: FRIENDS

1 . Steve Willis with Ken Walker, Winning the Food Fight: Victory in the Physical and Spiritual Battle for Good Food and a Healthy Lifestyle (Ventura, CA: Regal, 2012).

2 . Desiree Mohindra, “Non-communicable Diseases to Cost $47 Trillion by 2030, New Study Released Today,” World Economic Forum, 109, no. 3 (July 1980), http://www.weforum.org/news/non-communicable-diseases-cost–47-trillion-2030-new-study-released-today.

3 . Janelle Davis, “AAFP Foundation Global Director of Peers for Progress Outlines Peer Support for Self-Management of Diabetes at Health Affairs Forum on Diabetes,” AAFP, January 13, 2012, http://www.aafp.org/media-center/releases-statements/all/2012/peers-for-progress-self-management-diabetes.html.

4 . Tracy Kidder, Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World (New York: Random House, 2009).

5 . Nicholas A. Christakis, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., and James H. Fowler, Ph.D., “The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years,” New England Journal of Medicine 357 (2007), http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa066082.

6 . Dan Buettner, “The Island Where People Forget to Die,” New York Times, October 24, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/28/magazine/the-island-where-people-forget-to-die.html?pagewanted=all.

7 . Dr. Dean Ornish, Reversing Heart Disease (New York: Ivy Books, 1996). D. Ornish et al., “Intensive Lifestyle Changes for Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease,” Journal of the American Medical Association 280, no. 23 (December 16, 1998).

8 . Dean Ornish, M.D., Love and Survival (New York: HarperCollins, 1998).

9 . Walker Meade, “Loneliness Takes Toll on Mental, Physical Health,” Herald-Tribune Health, February 14, 2012, http://health.heraldtribune.com/2012/02/14/loneliness-takes-toll-on-mental-physical-health/.

10 . Dr. Dean Ornish, “Q&A: How Do Loneliness and Isolation Affect Our Health?” ShareCare, http://www.sharecare.com/health/human-emotions/loneliness-isolation-affect-our-health;jsessionid=408BC4DAE90B4F7CBB0A7A711065DD76.

CHAPTER 8: LIVING THE LIFESTYLE

1 . International Olympic Committee, “John Akhwari Fulfills His Commitment,” Teaching Values: An Olympic Education Toolkit (Lausanne: International Olympic Committee, 2007), 111, http://www.olympic.org/Documents/OVEP_Toolkit/OVEP_Toolkit_en.pdf.

CHAPTER 10: 40-DAY MEAL PLANS

1 . Mark Hyman, M.D., The Blood Sugar Solution: The UltraHealthy Program for Losing Weight, Preventing Disease, and Feeling Great Now! (Boston: Little, Brown, 2012).

2 . Mark Hyman, M.D., The Blood Sugar Solution Cookbook: More than 175 Ultra-Tasty Recipes for Total Health and Weight Loss (Boston: Little, Brown, 2013).