Armenian Christmas to be Celebrated in Jerusalem Jan. 18

In every other part of the world, Christmas can be penciled in on two dates: Dec. 25, celebrated by Catholics and Pentecostals; and Jan. 7, as celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox church.

But due to a calendar glitch, the Armenian Orthodox church in the Holy Land celebrates the Nativity of Jesus on January 18 and January 19. This also coincides with Russian and Greek Orthodox faithful who will make their annual pilgrimage to Qasr El Yahud for the Feast of Theophany, which they celebrate on the 18th. The Ethiopian Orthodox church will celebrate the baptism of Jesus on the afternoon of the 18th, while on the 19th, the Coptic Orthodox and the Syrian Orthodox Churches will celebrate Epiphany at Qasr El Yahud.

The Gregorian calendar, which has a difference of 12 days, was introduced in 1752. At that time, all Christian churches, with the exception of the Armenian Orthodox Church in Jerusalem, switched to the Gregorian calendar to determine the date of religious feasts. In Jerusalem, the Armenian Orthodox Church still uses the Julian calendar. With the 12-day difference, the Armenians in Jerusalem, and only in Jerusalem, observe Christmas later while even Armenians living in Armenia and anywhere else in the world celebrate the holiday with the other Orthodox religions.

The community here celebrates the day with solemnity.

"Outside of Jerusalem, January 18 is just another day," Katia Toumayan told Travelujah Holy Land tours. "But it is significant since they hold midnight mass in Bethlehem. I suppose the 18th is the spiritual day versus the materialistic celebration of the 25th or 6th."

All Christian churches originally celebrated Christmas Eve on Jan. 6. In the 4th century, the Roman Catholic Church designated Dec. 25 as the holiday in order to replace the pagan celebration of the Winter Solstice, while Orthodox churches stuck with Jan. 6.

For the Armenian Christmas in the Holy Land, the Patriarch in Jerusalem, priests and a marching band will make a procession from the Old City of Jerusalem to Bethlehem. The processional continues to Bethlehem's Manger Square where there is an official reception at the Church of the Nativity. Services take place throughout the night including a midnight service at the Grotto of the Nativity.

Traditionally, families will have a holiday meal of pilaf and fish and will attend a Christmas mass at Saint James, a church rebuilt in the 1200s in Saint James Convent in Jerusalem. The Christmas service takes place at midnight and is a unique event as the only light is provided by the colorful oil lamps hanging in the square stone basilica.

The calendar for the Armenians in Jerusalem affects their New Year celebrations we well. On Jan. 13, Armenians will ring in the New Year with celebrations and a mass in Jerusalem's Old City. Christians celebrate with a feast on New Year's Eve and mass on New Year's morning.

The orthodox churches of Georgia, Jerusalem, Russia, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Ukraine still use the Julian Calendar.

Armenia was the first nation to adopt Christianity in 301 A.D. And even before that, Armenians have claimed an enduring presence in Jerusalem dating back to 95 B.C. and a community on Mount Zion since the fourth century. To this day, there is an Armenian Quarter in the Old City with fewer than 2,000 residents.

The Armenians endured persecution and massacres in Turkey in the late 1800s, culminating in the Armenian Genocide of 1915 and now have a far-flung diaspora, more widespread than that of the Jews. Armenia itself was under Soviet rule until 1991. While Christmas may be the most drawn out of the Armenian feasts in Jerusalem, more Armenians make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem for Easter each year than for Christmas.

Where to Attend Armenian Christmas Services and Orthodox Epiphany

Orthodox Epiphany -- Annual Pilgrimage  to Jesus' Baptismal Site

January 18 (Eastern Orthodox) and January 19 (Syrian and Coptic)

11 a.m., Qasr El Yahud

Armenian Church

Basilica of the Nativity

Manger Square

Tel. 274.2410

January 18

11 a.m. Arrival of the Armenian Patriarch at Manger Square

2 p.m. Entry in the Basilica of Nativity -- Vespers and Christmas Eve Mass

10 p.m. Armenian Midnight Service, ends at 1 a.m.

January 19 (Feast of Epiphany starts)

1 to 6 a.m. Blessing of the Holy Water & Episcopal High Mass in the Grotto

St. James Cathedral

St. James, Armenian Quarter, Jerusalem

Armenian Orthodox Patriarchate Road

Tel. 628.2331

January 18

1 p.m. Eve of the Nativity at Holy Sepulchre

January 25

3 p.m. Vespers at St. James Cathedral

January 26

8:30 a.m. High Mass at Holy Sepulchre

Nicole Jansezian writes for Travelujah Holy Land Tours, the leading Christian social network focused on connecting Christians to the Holy Land. People can learn, plan and share their Holy Land tour and travel experiences on Travelujah.

Publication date: January 17, 2012