Growing up evangelical in America, we had no space for alcohol in our church or household. As I traveled to different continents and discovered many different denominations, I discovered many views on how Christians should handle alcohol.
The Bible never clearly gives an injunction against drinking alcohol. However, it has a great deal to say about being drunk, and it’s extremely clear. What does the Bible say about drunkenness?
Where Does the Bible Talk about Drunkenness?
The Bible addresses the issue of drunkenness in several passages in both the Old and New Testaments, providing guidance and warnings about the negative consequences of excessive alcohol consumption. Here are only a few.
Proverbs 23:29-35 vividly describes the effects of drunkenness and warns against indulging in excessive alcohol consumption. It portrays the physical, emotional, and relational toll of drunkenness on an individual.
The prophet Isaiah condemns those who “rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink” and engage in excessive drinking (Isaiah 5:11-12). He depicts a society consumed by self-indulgence and calls attention to the destructive nature of drunkenness.
Jesus warns his disciples to “take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life.” This caution from Luke 21:34 emphasizes the need for self-awareness and vigilance against the dangers of excessive consumption.
Paul exhorts believers to “walk honestly, as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying.” This passage in Romans 13:13 emphasizes the importance of living a life characterized by honesty, self-control, and moral integrity.
When Does the Bible Use Drunkenness as a Metaphor?
While the Bible acknowledges the legitimate use of wine in certain contexts (such as for celebration or as a symbol of Christ’s blood in the Eucharist), it consistently warns against overindulgence. Christians are encouraged to exercise self-control, make wise choices, and prioritize a life that honors God and reflects His values of moderation, sobriety, and spiritual mindfulness.
To further highlight the issues with drunkenness, there are instances where God’s judgment or discipline is described using the metaphor of making people weak or staggering like drunk individuals. One such example can be found in Isaiah 29:9-10:
“Stupefy yourselves and be in a stupor, blind yourselves and be blind; be drunk, but not with wine, stagger, but not with strong drink! For the Lord has poured out upon you a spirit of deep sleep, and has closed your eyes, the prophets, and covered your heads, the seers.”
Here, the prophet Isaiah uses the imagery of drunkenness to convey the spiritual condition of the people of Jerusalem. Their spiritual insensitivity and lack of understanding are likened to the disorientation of drunkenness. The passage suggests that God has allowed spiritual blindness to come upon them as a form of discipline or judgment.
Does the Bible Specify that Drunkenness Is a Sin?
Throughout both the Old and New Testaments, numerous passages condemn and warn against the excessive consumption of alcohol and the resulting state of drunkenness. Here are some key New Testament verses that clarify the sin of drunkenness.
“And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit.” (Ephesians 5:18). The apostle Paul’s instruction to the Ephesians warns against being drunk with wine, which is associated with excess and lack of self-control. Instead, believers are encouraged to be filled with the Holy Spirit.
In Galatians 5:19-21, Paul lists drunkenness as one of the “works of the flesh” contrary to the Spirit. He emphasizes that those who practice such behaviors will not inherit the kingdom of God.
Paul includes drunkards in a list of those who will not inherit the kingdom of God (1 Corinthians 6:10). This underscores the seriousness of drunkenness as a sin that separates individuals from God’s kingdom.
Peter addresses former behaviors of the recipients of his letter, including “excess of wine, revellings, banquetings.” (1 Peter 4:3). He calls believers to abstain from such behaviors, which are inconsistent with a life devoted to God.
These passages collectively emphasize that drunkenness is contrary to the principles of self-control, sobriety, and godliness taught in the Bible. The consequences of drunkenness are not only physical and emotional but also spiritual, as it hinders one’s ability to walk in obedience to God and live a life that honors Him.
Does the Bible Differentiate Between Drinking and Drunkenness?
The Bible differentiates between drinking and drunkenness, acknowledging that the consumption of alcohol in moderation is not inherently sinful while strongly condemning the excessive consumption that leads to drunkenness. The Scriptures offer wisdom and guidelines for responsible and conscientious use of alcohol while also warning against the dangers of overindulgence.
The Bible recognizes that wine and other alcoholic beverages can be enjoyed in moderation. Psalm 104:14-15 acknowledges that God provides wine to gladden people’s hearts. Ecclesiastes 3:13 states that it is a gift from God to be enjoyed. However, Proverbs 20:1 warns against becoming deceived or controlled by excessive consumption.
In 1 Timothy 5:23, Paul advises Timothy to “use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.” This passage acknowledges the medicinal benefits of wine when used appropriately, highlighting that there are situations where drinking a small amount of wine can be acceptable.
Both the Old and New Testaments reference using wine for religious ceremonies. In the Old Testament Passover, wine is part of the meal to commemorate the Exodus (Exodus 12:14-20), and in the New Testament, wine is used in the context of the Lord’s Supper (Matthew 26:26-29, 1 Corinthians 11:23-26).
Therefore, the Bible doesn’t condemn drinking alcohol in all its forms. However, as we’ve already discussed, the Bible condemns drunkenness. Therefore, we must be sensitive to the dangers drinking can lead to, especially drunkenness, but also the convictions and weaknesses of others.
In Romans 14:21, Paul instructs believers to consider the impact of their actions on others. While eating or drinking may not be inherently sinful, they should not cause a stumbling block for fellow believers. This principle applies to the consumption of alcohol as well. Romans 14:22-23 encourages believers to act according to their own convictions before God. Some individuals may abstain from alcohol for personal reasons or to avoid potential pitfalls.
Ultimately, how the Bible differentiates drinking and drunkenness encourages believers to exercise wisdom, discernment, and self-discipline. It reminds them to prioritize a life that honors God, respects their bodies, and seeks the well-being of their fellow believers.
What Are Some Ways Christians Can Celebrate without Getting Drunk?
Christians can celebrate holidays and good news without the need for alcohol by focusing on meaningful and joyous activities that align with their faith and values. An important distinction for Christians is that our personal pleasure isn’t the primary goal of celebrations. Christ is the center of our lives, so all our actions should exhibit the glory and truth of God.
We can celebrate good times and amazing accomplishments, but all celebrations must come in the context of the blessings and story of God. Here are some creative and fulfilling ways to celebrate without alcohol.
1. Worship and Gratitude. Begin the celebration with worship, prayer, and thanksgiving to express gratitude to God for the occasion. This sets a spiritually uplifting tone for the celebration and gives everyone the correct focus.
2. Family Gatherings. God is a being of relationship and love. Organize family gatherings with activities that promote bonding and togetherness. Play board games, share stories, cook together, or engage in a family service project to celebrate while fostering strong relationships.
3. Community Service. Celebrate by giving back to the community. Engage in volunteer work, charity events, or service projects that reflect the love and compassion of Christ. God promised blessings for those who give generously to others, and we can experience that blessing together.
4. Outdoor Adventures. God reveals himself through nature. Enjoy the beauty of God’s creation by spending time outdoors. Plan a hike, picnic, nature walk, or outdoor games that encourage physical activity and appreciation for the natural world.
5. Music and Dancing. David, a man after God’s own heart, loved dancing before God. Celebrate with music that uplifts the spirit and encourages dancing. Engage in joyful praise and worship or play music that resonates with the occasion.
6. Share Testimonies. We are encouraged and connected through the story. Gather and share personal testimonies of God’s goodness and blessings. This reminds everyone of the reason for celebration and encourages a spirit of thankfulness.
7. Artistic Expression. Organize creative workshops where participants can engage in artistic activities like painting, crafting, or writing that celebrate the holiday or good news. God can express his truth and beauty in a myriad of different ways.
8. Cooking and Feasting. Jesus promises that if we open the door to him, he and the Father will come and eat with us. Sharing a meal has profound importance and meaning. Prepare a special meal together using recipes that hold cultural or sentimental significance. Focus on the fellowship and the joy of sharing a meal.
9. Appreciating Cultural Traditions. Celebrate holidays by embracing cultural traditions, dances, or performances that honor heritage and showcase the diversity of God’s creation.
10. Letters of Encouragement. Write encouragement, affirmation, or appreciation letters to friends, family, or community members. This spreads joy and builds connections.
11. Candlelight Ceremony. Hold a candlelight ceremony where participants share a prayer, intention, or reflection about the holiday or good news.
12. Virtual Celebrations. Connect with loved ones through video calls and virtual gatherings to celebrate together, regardless of physical distance.
By embracing these alternative ways of celebration, Christians can honor God, express gratitude, and rejoice in holidays and good news without relying on alcohol. These meaningful and uplifting activities create lasting memories and strengthen the bonds of faith, community, and love.
Photo Credit: © Getty Images/Rafa Jodar
Britt Mooney lives and tells great stories. As an author of fiction and non-fiction, he is passionate about teaching ministries and nonprofits the power of storytelling to inspire and spread truth. Mooney has a podcast called Kingdom Over Coffee and is a published author of We Were Reborn for This: The Jesus Model for Living Heaven on Earth as well as Say Yes: How God-Sized Dreams Take Flight.
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